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The present book provides materials on all aspect of practical Agrometeorology of data acquisition techniques, instruments and method of observations with precautions and solved examples. Written in a simple and lucid manner the book contains very useful and detailed information on practical aspects of agromet observatory and covers all major practical aspects of agromet observatory. Highlights of the book are: o Is prepared with a series of pictures that illustrate the principles of meteorological parameters which are fundamental to the understanding of the subject by students and other readeo 26 fully illustrated s on installation of agro-meteorological observatory, measurement of rainfall and snowfall, air and soil temperature, humidity, wind, solar radiation, cloudiness, evaporation, evapotranspiration, sunshine duration, dew, pressure, photosynthetically active radiation (PAR), soil moisture content, leaf area index, transpiration, crop canopy temperature and computation of heat indices with solved examples. o s on agrometeorological data analysis, measurement of upper air observations, agro-meteorological data management and study of automatic-weather station.
Preface
Acronyms Used in Manual
Chapter-1 : Introduction
1.1. Agro-meteorological Data Collection
1.2. Variations in Weather and Climate
1.3. Components of Weather
1.4. Types of Observatories and Stations
1.5. Inspection and Supervision of Observatories
1.6. Meteorology and Agro-meteorology
1.7. Scale of Observations
1.8. Space-time Scale in Agro Meteorology
1.9. Meteorological Organisation
Chapter-2 : Installation of Agro-meteorological Observatory
2.1. Observatory
2.2. Instruments
2.3. Observations
2.4. General Instructions for Recording Meteorological Observations
2.5. Guidelines for Recording Meteorological Observations
2.6. Order of Observations
2.7. Installation of Agrometeorological Observatory
Chapter-3 : Measurement of Rainfall
3.1. Measuring Instrument
3.2. Intensity of Rainfall
3.3. Installation of Raingauges
3.4. Time of Observation
3.5. Precautions
3.6. Plastic Rain Gauge
Chapter-4 : Measurement of Snowfall
4.1. Snowfall
4.2. Measuring Instruments
4.3. Water Content of the Snowfall
Chapter-5 : Measurement of Air Temperature
5.1. Air Temperature
5.2. Stevenson’s Screen
5.3. Thermometers
5.4. Installation of Single Stevenson’s Screen and Thermometers
5.5. Observation
5.6. Precautions
5.7. Problems and their Rectifications in Mercury (Maximum) and Alcohol (Minimum) Thermometers
5.8. Thermograph
5.9. Other Instruments for Measurements of Air Temperatures
5.10. Other Measuring Instrument
Chapter-6 : Measurement of Soil Temperature
6.1. Measuring Instrument
6.2. Soil Temperature Measurement
6.3. Installation of Soil Thermometers
Chapter-7 : Measurement of Grass Minimum Temperature
7.1. Grass Minimum Thermometer
7.2. Measuring Instrument
7.3. Installation Grass Minimum Thermometer
7.4. Observation
7.5. Precautions
Chapter-8 : Measurement of Humidity
8.1. Measures of Humidity
8.2. Measuring Instrument
8.3. Calculation
8.4. Solved Exercises
Chapter-9 : Measurement of Wind
9.1. Motion of Wind
9.2. Measuring Instruments
9.3. Installation of Cup Anemometer and Wind Vane
9.4. Time of Observation
9.5. Precautions
Chapter-10 : Measurement of Duration of Bright Sunshine
10.1. Measuring Instrument
10.2. Installation of Sunshine Recorder
10.3. Precautions
Chapter-11 : Measurement of Cloudiness
11.1. Measuring Instrument
11.2. Cloudiness Observation
Chapter-12 : Measurement of Solar Radiation and Albedo
12.1. Different Components of Radiation
12.2. Albedo
12.3. Measuring Instrument
12.4. Precautions
12.5. Albedo Meter
12.6. Pyrheliometers
12.7. Net Pyrradiometer
Chapter-13 : Measurement of Evaporation
13.1. Measuring Instrument
13.2. Precautions
13.3. Measurement of Daily Evaporation
13.4. Solved Exercise of Evaporation
Chapter-14 : Measurement of Dew
14.1 Dew and Conditions for Dewfall
14.2. Difference between Dew and Water of Guttation
14.3. Dewfall
14.4. Measuring Instrument
14.5. Method and Time of Observations
14.6. Dew Album
14.7. Estimation of Dewfall
14.8. Precautions
Chapter-15 : Measurement of Pressure
15.1. Units of Pressure
15.2. Standard Atmospheric Pressure
15.3. Measuring Instrument
15.4. Description of Different Barometers
Chapter-16 : Measurement of Photosynthetically Active Radiation (PAR)
16.1. Measuring Instrument
Chapter-17 : Measurement of Crop Canopy Temperature
17.1. Measuring Instrument
17.2. Advantages of Infrared Thermometer
17.3. Precautions
Chapter-18 : Measurement of Leaf Area Index
18.1. Leaf Area Index
18.2. Leaf Area Measurement
Chapter-19 : Measurement of Transpiration
19.1. Measuring Instrument
19.2. Precautions
19.3. Warning
Chapter-20 : Measurement of Soil Moisture Content
20.1. Soil Moisture Determination Methods
Chapter-21 : Measurement of Evapo-transpiration
21.1. Measuring Instrument
Chapter-22 : Study of Automatic-weather Station
22.1. Automatic Weather Station
Chapter-23 : Measurement of Upper-air Observation
23.1. Floating Buoys and Marine Surface Observatories
23.2. Pilot Balloon/ Meteorological Balloons
23.3. Radiosonde
23.4. Satellite
23.5. Radar
23.6. Lidar
23.7. Sodar
23.8. GPS in Meteorology
23.9. Synoptic Observations
23.10. Geopotential Meter
23.11. Meteorological Codes
Chapter-24 : Agro-meteorological Data Management
24.1. Agro-meteorological Data Management
24.2. Data Transmission
24.3. Primary Handling of Data
24.4. Archival and Availability of Data
Chapter-25 : Agro-meteorological Data Analysis
25.1. Mean
25.2. Range
25.3. Standard Deviation (S.D.)
25.4. Variance
25.5. Co-efficient of Variation (CV)
25.6. Correlation and Regression
25.7. Standard Meteorological Week (SMW)
25.8. Data analysis
25.9. Computation of Data
25.10. Rainfall Analysis
25.11. Water Requirement
25.12. Crop Weather Calendar
25.13. Meteorological Analysis
25.14. Estimations of PET, Reference Crop Evapotanspiration (ET0), and AET
25.15. Effective Temperature
Chapter-26 : Computation of Heat Indices
26.1. Base Temperature (Tbase)
26.2. Growing-degree Day
26.3. Accumulated Degree Days
26.4. Biofix
26.5. Calculation of Different Heat Unit Systems
26.6. Merits of Growing Degree Days Concept
26.7. Demerits of Growing Degree Days Concept
Glossary
Radiometric Terminology
Meteorological Terminology
Weather Phenomena
Different Criteria for Weather Elements Categorization
Weekly/Seasonal Rainfall Distribution on Regional Scale
Rainfall Distribution on All India Scale
Temperature
Criteria for Heat Wave
Hot Day
Annexures
Annexure-I : Conversion of Temperature in Different Scales
Annexure-II : Conversion of Units of Pressure
Annexure-III : Inter Conversion of Units of Wind
Annexure-IV : Crop Coefficient of Important kharif and rabi crops
Annexure-V : Albedo Values of Natural Surfaces for Total Short Wave Radiation
Annexure-VI : Conversion Formulae
Annexure-VII : Units and their Conversation into Other Units
Annexure-VIII : Useful Physical Constants
Annexure-IX : Beaufort Scale for Wind Speed Estimation
Annexure-X : Mean Monthly Duration of Maximum Possible Sunshine Hours (N) for Different Months and Latitudes
Annexure-XI : Extra Terrestrial Radiation (Ra) Expressed in Equivalent Evaporation in mm/day
Annexure-XII : Monthly Values of Maximum Possible Sunshine Hours at Different Station of India
Annexure-XIII : Important Agriculture Meteorology/Meteorology Journals
Annexure-XIV : Meteorological/Weather Sheet
Annexure-XV : Crop Weather Calender
Annexure-XVI : Standard Meteorological Weeks and Dates
Annexure-XVII: Procedure for Supply of Meteorological Data
Annexure-XVIII: Pan Coefficient (Kp) of Class A Pan for Different
Levels of Mean Relative Humidity and Wind Speed
Under Cropped and Fallow Area
