The increasing energy demands of contemporary society remain unmet, resulting in a growing negative impact on the environment. It is noteworthy that people typically spend a considerable amount of time indoors, where a substantial quantity of energy is consumed and pollution is generated. In this regard, experts in the field of interior design must prioritize energy conservation and environmental protection. This can be accomplished by implementing various techniques, such as using energy-efficient technologies based on renewable resources, incorporating eco-friendly design elements, and adopting sustainable construction and daily practices.
The primary objective of this book is to educate individuals and organizations dedicated to environmental protection about the necessity of and approaches to reducing energy usage and environmental pollution in indoor spaces. Moreover, it provides practical advice for individuals to conserve energy and minimize indoor pollution. Students, specifically, can benefit from this book by gaining a deeper comprehension of their role in safeguarding the environment.
The energy supply and demand is far from meeting the unending and ever - increasing needs of the modern people, resulting in deep rooted trace of human destruction of nature. According to a research data, normal people living in this modernized society spend 90 per cent of their lives in the indoor environment. This shows how much energy is being consumed by people and the amount of pollution caused by them due to various activities performed and the technologies used by them. Hence, the design specialists mainly involved in the interior design work, must pay attention to the energy saving point of view, thereby reducing the environmental pollution.
Introduction The COVID-19, the Global Pandemic has affected the world and is still continuing with its various mutations even today. This has created a long-lasting impact and many sectors like energy, transport, industries, and residential buildings, have critically experienced impacts from the pandemic (Qarnain, Muthuvel, and Bathrinath 2020). It has directly and indirectly impacted every household’s operations. The mandatory COVID – 19 protocols, lockdowns, Work From Home (WFH) schedules and the major fear of every one of contracting the disease if going out itself has forced people to stay indoors and forced residents to use more energy for their daily routine activities, (routines like watching more TV, using environment control devices like fans, AC, room heaters etc.) giving rise to higher energy usage resulting in high energy bills and subsequent scarcity in the energy supply.
Introduction Painting is the practice of applying paint, pigment, colour or other medium to a solid surface (support base), Abdellatif MD, 2017. The medium is commonly applied to the base with a brush, but other implements, such as knives, sponges, and airbrushes, can be used. Interior wall painting is a repetitive, exhausting and hazardous process. In almost all the developing countries, the increasing population stimulates the construction-related activities such as interior finishing and painting. Painting is classically done by humans and generally requires exhaustive physical efforts and involves exposure to dangerous chemicals.
Introduction The deterioration of interior air quality brought on by dangerous chemicals and other factors is known as indoor air pollution, which can be up to 10 times worse than outside air pollution. This is due to the fact that confined spaces foster the buildup of potential pollutants more than do open spaces. In underdeveloped countries, statistics show that indoor air pollution has a far worse effect on health than outside air pollution. Indoor air pollution can be defined as ‘ the totality of attributes of indoor air that affects a person’s health and well-being’ ( Singh & Jamal, 2012). Indoor air pollution from solid fuels was to blame for 3.5 million fatalities, 16% of particulate matter pollution, and 4.5% of global daily-adjusted life years in 2010. (DALY).
The primitive people were living as part of the environment along with other f lora and fauna in a perfect synchrony. Prior to industrialisation the people were living in an environment friendly manner without causing much damage to natural resources. During the time they were making good progress and were building huge structures which are of technical excellence even today. Post industrialisation the whole scenario changed very fast. The population increased many fold, people started making more goods than required to have a market hold to earn more – the human greed increased beyond limit.
Introduction Global warming needs a shift to automobile solutions that reduces/ do not produce greenhouse gas emissions. Automobile related pollution is the major source for reduction in air quality in Indian cities. India need to reduce dependency on a fossil- fuel and reduced transportation related emissions. People living in some of the Indian cities are being affected by noise pollution and electric vehicles may contribute to a reduction in noise pollution levels in the cities. Energy efficiency and emissions are two important contributing factors in transportation across the globe.
Introduction Energy Consumption is considered as the energy used to do any task in any kind of a simple domestic building to a complicated manufacturing industry. For instance, in a household, energy is consumed in the form of electricity used to run an Air Conditioner to make a room cool, gas used to cook a dish etc. In a car industry, energy is consumed in the form of electricity to manufacture a car part. In the transport sector, petrol or diesel or gasoline is used as a run a car or bike or other vehicles.
Introduction The issue of environmental protection has become increasingly important in recent years, and one of the most effective ways to address this problem is through the use of recycled products. Recycling helps to conserve natural resources, reduce waste, prevent pollution, and combat climate change making it a critical part of any sustainable development strategy. In this chapter, we can explore how recycled products can help protect the environment and the many benefits that come with their use.
Introduction We have now started to feel the impacts of climate change, as a threat to our health, directly as heat stress on our bodies, and indirectly as it damages crops, and causes storms, floods and wildfires (IPCC, 2022). People working in fields or factories, or in the open, suffer the most. Buildings are our first defense as we learn to adapt to these changes. Resilient buildings that provide passive cooling can protect us better from heat waves, buildings designed to withstand storms and f loods can provide better shelter, and net-zero buildings that produce and store their own energy can enable critical operations when the electric grid is down.
Introduction Energy conservation is the practice of using less energy to lower costs and reduce environmental impact. A majority percentage of energy used in buildings is still from non - renewable and fossil fuel resources. Lighting and Appliances are affecting energy demand in domestic sector. Reasons for increased energy demand • Increase in electrical appliance ownership • Increasing income level and reliable access • Rise of Lighting and appliance loads
Introduction India’s textile sector is one of the oldest industries in the Indian economy, dating back several centuries. The industry is highly varied, with hand-spun and hand woven textiles sectors at one end of the spectrum and the capital-intensive sophisticated mill sector at the other. The fundamental strength of the textile industry in India is its strong production base of a wide range of fiber/yarns, from natural fibers like cotton, jute, silk, and wool, to synthetic/man-made fibers like polyester, viscose, nylon, and acrylic.
Introduction Eco-friendly interior design is an important consideration for anyone who wants to create a healthy, sustainable, and beautiful space. Environmental impact: The materials used in interior design can have a significant impact on the environment. Eco-friendly materials are made from renewable resources, reduce waste, and often have a lower carbon footprint than traditional materials.
Sustainability Sustainability is a complicated concept. The most often cited definition comes from the U.N. World Commission on Environment and Development (WCED): “Sustainable development is the development that fulfills the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their requirements.” Hence, sustainability has been defined as meeting our own needs without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.
Introduction: Indoor Air Pollution People think that while they are indoors, they are breathing clean air. After all, pollution is found outside, and indoor air is filtered through the HVAC system. Indoor air can have significantly higher concentrations of pollution than air found outside. Plenty of evidences exists. Global Burden of Disease Risk lists indoor air pollution as the ninth biggest health risk.
Commercial Building Commercial buildings consist of government buildings, banks, hospitals, schools, malls, retail, restaurants, and office spaces. Among these, office and retail occupy the major percentage of energy consumption. More than 40% of the total final energy consumption and about 30% of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions are in connection with the civil and residential sector. Maximum energy consumption in commercial buildings by HVAC system (51% followed by appliances and food service equipment (20%), lighting(12%), electronics and information technology(9%) and water (8%).
Introduction India has vast livestock resources. Livestock sector includes animal husbandry, dairy and fisheries sector. Livestock provides livelihood to two-third of rural community and employment to about 8.8 % of the population in India. Livestock sector contributes 4.11% GDP and 25.6% of total Agriculture GDP. It provides milk and milk products, meat and meat products, and also constitutes a major supplier of food and food articles, raw materials, and finished products.
Introduction Developing means of farming and agriculture is the reason humans can live in the world today. It is a necessary means of survival, without which there would be famines all over the world. For thousands of years, agriculture was a natural process that did not harm the land it was done on. In fact, farmers were able to pass down their land for many generations, and it would still be fertile as ever. However, modern agricultural practices have started the process of agricultural pollution. This process causes the degradation of the ecosystem, land, and environment due to the modern-day by-products of agriculture.
Nearly 70% of the world’s population will live in cities by the year 2050, and cities currently pump out 70% of greenhouse gas emissions. Buildings alone contribute nearly 40% of emissions. This is also true for Indian cities, which are responsible for 40% of the energy use, 30% of raw material use, and 20% of land use. The residential and commercial buildings account for 31 % of the electricity consumption and are rising at 10-12 % annually. As per estimates, approximately 75% of the building stock that India will see in the year 2047 is yet to be built. For all these issues, renewable energy is the major solution.
Climate change impacts • Climate change is a crucial factor behind cyclone Tauktae • Global ocean has absorbed 90% of the excess heat generated by greenhouse gas emissions since 1970 • Led to anomalous ocean warming in Arabian Sea and Bay of Bengal, which in turn makes cyclones intensify rapidly • India will see more frequent cyclones every year due to global warming
What is A Smart Energy Home? Smart homes use internet - connected devices to enable remote monitoring and management of appliances and systems, such as temperature, lighting, and security cameras. Smart energy homes take a step beyond the gadget-filled smart home to focus on bringing smart functionality to major household energy-using systems like HVAC, water heating, and plug loads (including appliances and electronics).
Types of Biomedical Waste 1. Infectious waste: waste contaminated with blood and other bodily fluids (e.g. from discarded diagnostic samples), cultures and stocks of infectious agents from laboratory work (e.g. waste from autopsies and infected animals from laboratories), or waste from patients with infections (e.g. swabs, bandages and disposable medical devices) 2. Pathological waste: human tissues, organs or fluids, body parts and contaminated animal dead bodies
A Aesthetics Aesthetics 181 Agricultural pollution 271, 272, 273, 274275, 276, 277, 287 Agronomic practices 202 Airborne particles 29 Air Pollution 27, 28, 29, 32, 33, 73, 153, 154, 156, 172, 196, 217, 219, 276, 282, 295, 301, 351, Air purifier 231, 232, 338 Air quality 27, 28, 32, 33, 35, 38, 39, 44, 75, 154, 155, 156, 158, 161, 162, 163, 171, 172, 173, 175, 180, 182, 185, 186, 188, 189, 190, 191, 218, 219, 221, 227, 338, 347
