eChapters

Definition of farmer (National Policy for Farmers, 2001): A person actively engaged in the economic and/or livelihood activity of growing crops and producing other primary agricultural commodities and will include all agriculture operational holders, cultivators, agriculture labourers, share croppers, tenants, poultry and livestock rearers, fishers, beekeepers, gardeners, pastoralists, non-corporate planters and planting labours, as well as persons engaged in various farming related occupations such as sericulture, vermiculture, and agroforestry. It also includes tribal families/ persons engaged in shifting cultivation and in the collection, use and sale of minor and non-timber forest produce.

A pH meter is very commonly used for the measurement of the reaction of a solution or a medium. The pH determination with the help of a pH meter is based on the measurement of the electromotive force (e.m.f) of a pH cell consisting of an electrode sensitive to W ions and a reference electrode.

The quality of irrigation water is a crucial factor for long-term soil productivity. Poor quality water if used for a long time can make the soil less productive or even barren, depending on the amount and type of constituents present in it and the texture of the soil in question. Low or marginally saline waters sometimes appear to stimulate crop growth because of the higher amounts of nutrient ions present.

Accumulation of nutrient elements in plant tissues indicates the accessibility of the concerned elements from the soil to the plant. Although different plant species and even different varieties of the same species may vary in their nutrient requirements, composition of a part or of the whole plant may well be adopted as a guideline to support the soil-test results for factual assessment of soil’s nutrient supplying power.

Soil sampling is the first step of soil analysis. As very small fraction of the huge soil mass is used for analysis, it becomes extremely important to get a true representative soil sample of the field.

Pongamia pinnata or Mellettia pinnata or Pongamia glabra or Derris indica (2n=2x=22) is a tropical ever green fast growing leguminous tree, with glabrous, glossy and deciduous leaves. The tree is native to India and South Asia and also found in Oceania.

1 Hepatosis dietetica in swine is caused by

a) Deficiency of vitamin-E & Se

b) Feeding of high energy diet

c) Excess of unsaturated fatty acid in the diet

d) Deficiency of vitamin A

1 Ovine ketosis is more common during

a) Early lactation b) Late Pregnancy

c) Early Pregnancy d) Late lactation

1 Hypoxia caused due to defective oxygenation of blood in pulmonary circulation

a) Anoxic anoxia b) Anaemic anoxia

c) Stagnant anoxia d) Histotoxic anoxia

1 The focal point of any disease investigation in animal is making of

a) Treatment b) Diagnosis

c) Management d) Prognosis

1 The system that is most susceptible to hypoxia is

a) Respiratory System b) Cardiovascular System

c) Nervous system d) Digestive system

1 Goose stepping gait is observed due to deficiency of

a) Biotin b) Pyrodoxin

c) Pantothenic acid d) Niacian

1 Deficiency of which of the following trace minerals leads to parakeratosis of skin in pigs

a) Zinc b) Copper

c) Cobalt d) Iron

1 Study of distribution of diseases and the factors determining its distribution in a population is known as

a) Ethology b) Epidemiology

c) Ecology d) Etiology

1 The causative agent of red water fever in cattle is

a) Babesia bigemina b) Leptospira interrogans

c) Theileria annulata d) Theileria parva

1 The serotype of aphthovirus causing most outbreaks of FMD in India is

a) A b) O

c) C d) Asia-1

1 Which of the following diseases is also known as Equine Distemper?

a) Eastern Equine Encephalomyelitis

b) Western Equine Encephalomyelitis

c) Strangles

d) Glanders

1 Many of active ingredients in chemically manmade drugs are derived from plant components

a) Pyrethroids b) Organophosphorous

c) Carbamate d) Organochlorine

1 In emergency medicine, first aid measures do not include examination of

a) Airway b) Breathing

c) Circulation d) Blood Pressure

1 Increased concentration of delta aminolevulinic acid is an indicator of toxicity due to

a) Lead b) Nitrate

c) Arsenic d) Cadmium

1 Delayed post natal diseases occurs within _______ days after birth

a) 10 days b) 2-7 days

c) 2 days d) 15-30 days

1 Application of lime reduces plant minerals namely

a) Ca b) Zn

c) Mn d) All of the above

1 Metabolic profile test to know the nutritional status of a dairy animal, by assessing the blood used components

a) Complete profile test b) Metabolic profile test

c) Compton metabolic profile test d) Dairy animal metabolism test

1 Inflammation of meninges and spinal cord along with brain is called

a) Encephalomyelitis b) Encephalitis

c) Meningitis d) Meningoencephalitis

1 The clinical manifestations of disease of muscle, bones and joints are generally characterised by

a) Lameness b) Failure of support to stand

c) Incoordination of movement d) All of the above

1 Condition characterised by bran - like scales on skin surfaces is called

a) Pustule b) Parakeratosis

c) Erythema d) Pityriasis

Lymphnodes are found in every part of the body except

a) Digestive system b) Respiratory system

c) Cardiovascular system d) Central nervous system

1 Homeostasis in kidney is generally maintained by

a) Glomerulus b) Renal tubules

c) Both (a) and (b) d) None of the above

1 Defective oxygenation of blood in pulmonary circulation

a) Anaemic anoxia b) Stagnant anoxia

c) Anoxic anoxia d) Histotoxic anoxia

1 Major haematopoetic organ in adults is

a) Spleen b) Liver

c) Bone marrow d) Kidney

1. Inflammation of pericardium or pericardial sac is known as

a) Endocarditis b) Pericarditis

c) Myocarditis d) Epicarditis

1 Inflammation of peritonium is called

a) Peronitis b) Peritonitis

c) Laminitis d) Oophonitis

1 True vomiting is seen in

a) Pseudoruminants b) Monogastric animal

c) Ruminants d) All

1 What percentage of body weight is intracellular water

a) 60 b) 40

c) 20 d) 15

1 The changes in functioning at the cellular level and establishment of disease process is termed

a) Pathogenesis b) Virulence

c) Prognosis d) None of the above

1 Diagnosis of a disease includes

a) Determination of specific cause

b) Abnormality of structure and functions produced by causative agent

c) Clinical manifestation associated with the abnormality

d) All of the above

Health is defined as a state

a) Where all body system function normally

b) Absence of disease

c) Activities continue within normal physiological limits

d) All of the above

Study of animal diseases at patient bed side for diagnosis, prognosis, monitoring and treatment comes under

a) Veterinary Epidemiology b) Preventive Medicine

c) Veterinary Jurisprudence d) Veterinary Clinical Medicine

Presentation takes place all the time in organization. We are required to make presentation in meeting, seminar, conference etc. The presenter should know certain techniques to make his presentation effective.

The extension professionals are interested to disseminate technology to the users. The users are rural people. The users of technology are to read and understand technology designed for them. Rural readers have different interests like, crop production, animal husbandry, fisheries, forestry etc.

5.1 A great deal of research

A great deal of research has been carried out on listening in communication. According to the researchers, listening comes at top of the list of the four forms of communication

4.1 The non-verbal communication

The non-verbal communication is the use of human body as the medium of message. The non-verbal communication forms a vital part of the process of communication that an individual goes through daily.

3.1. Types of communication network

There are different situations in which different kind of communication is required for transfer of technology. An Extension expert works in an organization.

2.1 Communication comes from word

‘Communi’ means common. To establish commonness between two individuals is communication. Communication is to share information, idea, and attitude or tuned together for a particular message.

1.1 Agricultural technologies and knowledge

Agricultural technologies and knowledge have, until recently, largely been created and disseminated by public institutions. But over the past two decades, biotechnology for agricultural production has developed rapidly, and the world economy has become more globalised and liberalised

A. CEREALS

1. Rice (Oryza sativa)

RD 60:20:20 kg/acre NPK

(Recommended by TNAU)

While fertilizer injectors that mixes fertilizer solutions with the irrigation water flow in the micro irrigation systems, a scientifically prepared fertigation schedule is the software that farmers need to implement a successful fertigation plan.

Though water soluble fertilizers are a special grade of fertilizers manufactured for fertigation per se; I have been assisting farmers to do fertigation with conventional fertilizers, those are familiar to them; like Urea for N, white muriate of potash (MOP) for K. Only in the case of P source they need to acquire water soluble special fertilizers like Monoammonium Phosphate (MAP) or Phosphoric acid. Historically, fertigation by our small holder farmer began in India just by fertigating Urea alone. And applying P and K as direct dry application to the soil with Single Super Phosphate (SSP) or pink MOP, both are not water soluble. Gradually, when farmers realised that fertigation is giving them more yield of the crop and income they warmed up to the idea of full fertigation and demand for water soluble fertilizers like MAP, White Potash, SOP etc. grew.

ABSTRACTS

Historiography deals with the idea of history writing in different timeframe in different environments and in this discourse historian plays significant role. Indian ancient past is a fertile ground to understand different socio-political aspects of the country from various standpoints. Remaining within the paradigm of historiography historian like Romila Thapar not only emphasizing to understand the past but also tries to disseminate these through their writings in different scholarly platform. Apart from her valuable writings in the form of books, her writings in different reputed journals also impress sizable generations of new scholars. In this study an attempt has been made to study her contribution in intellectual field through writing history of Indian past.

Keywords: History, Historian, Romila Thapar, Past, Historiography.

ABSTRACT

The hearing impaired Persons constitute a very small percentage of the total population. The article presents the information regarding the infrastructure, the library services to the special group of library users. All the public/academic libraries do not provide services to these groups of the users, hence the institutions specially meant for these persons are responsible for administering services to this group of users. Assistive technology can help to a great extent in providing library services to these groups of users.

Keywords: Physically challenged persons, Hearing impaired library users, Library infrastructure, Library services, Information Technology, Assistive devices.

BSTRACT

This paper discusses the various issues and concerns about the electronic information resources, which includes mainly such as e-journals, e-books and e-databases etc. In this digital era, the library should be well equipped with trendy facilities & resources within the sort of books, manuscripts, technical journals, standards, conference proceedings, theses, reports, databases, and all the electronic versions of information resources. Various issues and concerns, which are related with the electronic resources and their management is discussed in detailed in this paper.

Keywords: ICT, Electronic resources, e-journals, Electronic resource management.